Structural Engineering 1 (TL)

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

• to translate a simple real-world structural system into a structural model with the corresponding support symbols (Knowledge and Understanding)
• to determine the loads resulting from various loads in building construction by applying the relevant standards and to represent them in a structural sketch of the structural model (application of knowledge)
• calculate the support reactions and internal forces of simple, statically structures and plot the internal force curves (application of knowledge)
• describe the load transfer within the structural system based on the calculated support forces (communication)
• evaluate simple structural systems with regard to their load-bearing behavior (scientific self-understanding)

Building Materials Technology 1 (BT)

• After completing the course, students will be able to:
• identify all building materials relevant to practice, classify them, and derive their most relevant properties (knowledge and understanding)
• to identify the basic building materials for design and structural applications and evaluate them in terms of specific applications. (Application of Knowledge)
• to define the basic concepts of the specific properties of building materials and to relate these to the disciplines of structural engineering, building construction, building physics, and design. (Communication and Cooperation)
• Analyze and evaluate building materials in terms of their structural, economic, and environmental aspects. (Scientific Self-Concept, Professionalism)

Structural Engineering 1

• Load Analysis in Building Construction (Loads)
• Basic Concepts of Structural Analysis (e.g., Force, Moment, equilibrium) and Structural Analysis
• Central Planar Force System (e.g., Truss Nodes)
• General Planar System of Forces
• Structural Modeling / Support Symbols
• Horizontal and Vertical Load Transfer
• Calculation of Support Reactions for Planar, Statically Determinate Structures
• Determination, Representation, and Interpretation of Internal Forces in Planar, Statically Determinate
• Structures

Building Materials Technology 1

• The course covers the fundamental principles of building materials technology regarding use of building materials.
• The entire life cycle of building materials—from raw material selection through the manufacturing process, their service life as a component of a structure, and the possibility of environmentally sound reuse— is covered.
• The individual building materials are presented across their entire range of functionality, external form, and design appearance.
• Practical examples illustrate the tension between artistic design, sustainable construction, and cost-effectiveness.
• Smaller laboratory and material tests reinforce the theoretical knowledge acquired and provide a foundation in scientific methods.

Lecture: Presentation by the lecturer in interaction with the students

Formal: None

A 60-minute in-person exam for each submodule.

The grade is calculated on a 50:50 basis. Both parts must be passed with a grade of “satisfactory” (4.0) each.

By successfully completing assignment sheets or practical tasks throughout the semester, students may earn bonus credits, which, in accordance with RPO § 27, can only be applied toward the in-person exam until the exam period of the following semester. Whether bonus credits can be earned will be announced at the beginning of the current semester.

• Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)

Tragwerkslehre 1

Begleitende Unterlagen zur Lehrveranstaltung

• Aktuelle Skripte des Lehrgebietes
• Weitere Vorlesungs- und Übungsunterlagen sowie Unterlagen zur Klausurvorbereitung werden semesterbegleitend in ILIAS bereitgestellt

Empfohlene Fachliteratur

• Gottfried Leicher, Ruth Kasper, and Jörg-Thomas Kasper, Tragwerkslehre in Beispielen und Zeichnungen (Köln 2022).
• Franz Krauss, Wilfried Führer, Claus-Christian Willems, Grundlagen der Tragwerklehre 1: Mit 21 Tabellen / Franz Krauss; Wilfried Führer; Hans Joachim Neukäter (Köln-Braunsfeld 2014).
• Klaus Holschemacher und Said al Akel, Entwurf- und Konstruktionstafeln für Architekten (Berlin 2015).
• Philippe Block, Christoph Gengnagel, Stefan Peters, Faustformel Tragwerksentwurf (München 2013).
• Johann Eisele, Grundlagen der Baukonstruktion: Tragsysteme und deren Wirkungsweise (Berlin 2014).
• Weitere Fachliteratur wird in der Lehrveranstaltung angegeben.

Baustofftechnologie 1

• Günter Neroth und Dieter Vollenschaar, Wendehorst Baustoffkunde: Grundlagen – Baustoffe – Oberflächenschutz (Wiesbaden 2011).
• Wilhelm Scholz, Harald Knoblauch, Wolfram Hiese, Baustoffkenntnis (Köln 2007).
• Jochen Stark und Bernd Wicht, Geschichte der Baustoffe (Wiesbaden 1998).
• Weitere Fachliteratur wird in der Lehrveranstaltung angegeben

The onboarding module provides insights and teaches basic skills to help students get off to a structured and smoother start in their studies in the following subject areas:

1. What does independent study mean?
2. Tools for effective time management
3. Tools for digital academic management
4. First insights into academic work
5. Introduction to sustainable research
6. Refreshing math skills
7. Freehand drawing
8. Introduction to model building
9. Self-awareness in the context of the human scale and accessibility
10. Sketching and basic image editing

Formal: none

Ungraded assignments to be completed incrementally throughout the semester, one per session (approx. 14–15 sessions):

• Individual tasks such as self-study quizzes to be completed for a., b., c., d., and e. (approx. 20–30 minutes each);
• exercises to be solved for f. (approx. 45–60 minutes)
• models to be built for h. (2–3 models in different scales in approx. 2–4 hours)
• sketches to be submitted for g. and i. (12–15 sheets), for j. (4–5 sheets);

Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)

• Matthew Frederick, 101 Things I Learned in Architecture School (Cambridge 2007).
• Alexander Schilling, Basics Darstellungsgrundlagen + Modellbau (Basel 2021).
• Iain Jackson, Erste Hilfe für Architekturstudenten (Stuttgart 2015).
• Diverse Online-Tools (diese werden im Kurs verteilt)

Exam (60 minutes): The written exam consists of approximately 40 questions—some in the form of keywords and others as multiple-choice—covering 8 subject areas.

Admission to the exam: To be eligible to take the exam (written test), active participation in the exercises in accordance with § 21(1) of the StgPO is required. Active participation is documented through coursework completed throughout the semester. According to the assignment, this consists of 9 subject areas with structural drawings (approximately 12 DIN A3 sheets). Admission to the exam is granted if the required drawings are submitted in full and with sufficient substantive quality by the deadline (as specified in the assignment ).

• Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)
• Ansgar Schulz und Benedikt Schulz, Perfect Scale (München 2016).
• Andrea Deplazes, Architektur konstruieren: vom Rohmaterial zum Bauwerk; ein Handbuch (Basel 2008).
• Wüstenrot Stiftung (Hrsg.), Raumpilot 1- 4 (Stuttgart 2010).
• Ulf Hestermann und Ludwig Rongen, Frick/Knöll Baukonstruktionslehre 1+2 (Wiesbaden 2015).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Umhüllen und Konstruieren: Wände, Fassade, Dach (Basel 2018).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Einrichten und Zonieren: Raumkonzepte, Materialität, Ausbau (Basel 2014).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Tragen und Materialisieren: Stützen, Wände, Decken (Basel 2014).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Wärmen und Kühlen: Energiekonzepte, Prinzipien, Anlagen (Basel 2012).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Open and Close: Windows, Doors, Gates, Loggias, Filters (Basel 2010).
• DIN-Normen:
• DIN 276 Kosten im Bauwesen
• DIN 4172 Maßordnung im Hochbau
• DIN 18040 Barrierefreies Bauen
• DIN 18531 Abdichtung von Dächern sowie von Balkonen, Loggien und Laubengängen
• Technische Richtlinien: Flachdachrichtlinien: Richtlinien für die Planung und Ausführung von Dächer

• Fundamentals of Design 1
• Upon successful completion, students will be able to:
• Students from the lecture course will have learn about the background and interrelationships of the theory of proportion, design methodology, theories of perception, and Gestalt phenomena and principles, and are able to understand and reflect on them. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• students can recognize the significance of structures in urban space and their interdependencies in the context of the relationship between element – structure – system. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• students can identify spatial systems / types and classify them according to design examples [Knowledge and Understanding – Classification]
• students are able to experience simple building designs within the interplay of analysis, method, and intuition and to recognize the parameters and interdependencies of a design process, as well as their aesthetic, functional, structural, and spatial relationships and consequences. (Knowledge and Understanding – Application – Drawing Language, Expressiveness)
• Students have acquired the ability to analyze smaller buildings, design concepts, and building structures through drawings, text, images, and models. (Knowledge and Understanding – Application – Drawing Language – Expressiveness)
• Students are able to develop, represent, and present abstract, smaller-scale designs (space and structure) in a process-oriented and intuitive manner within a group. (Knowledge and Understanding – Application – Communication, drawing language – Expressiveness / Academic Self-Concept / Professionalism)
• 
  
• City and Landscape 1
• Upon successful completion, students will be able to:
• analyze the complex fabric of the city in accordance with the thematic levels of the lecture and describe the qualities and shortcomings of open spaces. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• to produce attractive urban planning drawings (site plan, cross-section, perspective) of an existing situation, in which the urban space is depicted holistically. (Application of Knowledge)
• to build a precise urban model at a scale of 1:500 featuring streets, paths, buildings, green spaces, trees, and shrubs. (Application of Knowledge)
• to design architectural and landscape interventions in response to the identified qualities and shortcomings. (Application of Knowledge)
• to depict spaces, relationships, and proposals in spontaneous line sketches. (Drawing language, communication, and cooperation)
• interventions. (Applying Knowledge)
• Depict spaces, relationships, and proposals in spontaneous line sketches. (Drawing Language, Communication, and Cooperation)
• Present questions and results to fellow students and lecturers. (Communication and Cooperation)
• Assess the significance of urban planning for the work of architects. (Academic Self-Concept / Professionalism).

Fundamentals of Design 1

• Lecture:
• Fundamentals and Background of Design Phenomena / Theories | Design Methodology
• Theory of Proportion - Perception
• Structure - Order
• Spatial Typologies, - Systems; Space and Proportions
• Tools and Representation (Drawing, Model Making)
• Exercise:
• Introduction to the Design and design process through simple, abstract exercises and small-scale design assignments.
• Methodical introduction to the design process through analysis of built examples
• (text, images, drawings, models, etc. methods).
• Exploring design parameters through building analyses
• (such as location, time, space and proportion, function, construction, form, and material, among others)

City and Landscape 1

• Lecture:
• Urbanity, address formation, and the “back side”
• Urban space, parceling, the relationship between figure and ground
• Typology of open spaces, landscape elements
• Urban typology/structural types
• Basic features of urban development history to the present
• Land uses in the City
• Basic Knowledge of Planning Law
• Urban Structure
• Integration of Architectural and Landscape Elements in the City
• Exercise: Drawings and Models in Urban Planning
• Representing a given urban situation in various urban planning drawings and in models
• Analyzing urban quality
• Practicing revision techniques
• Developing and designing a architectural and/or landscape intervention to improve urban quality

Lecture

Formal: none

Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)

• Grundlagen Entwerfen 1
• · Horst Ermel und Entwerfen Universität Kaiserslautern Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Grundlagen des Entwerfens (Hrsg.), Grundlagen des Entwerfens 1 - Gestaltungsmethodik (Darmstadt 1999).
• Michael Wilkens, Architektur als Komposition:Zehn Lektionen zum Entwerfen (Basel 2010).
• · Pierre von Meiss, Vom Objekt zum Raum zum Ort, Dimensionen der Architektur (Basel 1994).
• · Franco Fonatti, Elementare Gestaltungsprinzipien in der Architektur (Wien 1992).
• · Friedrich Kurrent, Raumgestaltung und Sakralbau Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Entwerfen (Hrsg.), Aktionsforum Praterinsel (Hrsg.), Raummodelle Wohnhäuser des 20. Jahrhunderts;Ausstellung im "Aktionsforum Praterinsel"; München, vom 19. Juni bis 4. August 1996 (Salzburg 1996).
• Weitere Literatur: Aufgabenbezogen; Hinweise in der Vorlesung oder Übung
• Stadt und Landschaft 1
• · Thorsten Bürklin; Michael Peterek, Basics Stadtbausteine (Basel 2016).
• · Jan Gehl, Städte für Menschen (Berlin 2015).
• · Leonhard Schenk, Stadt entwerfen: Grundlagen, Prinzipien, Projekte (Basel 2018)
• · Günther Mader, Freiraumplanung: Hausgärten, Grünanlagen, Stadtlandschaften (München 2012)
• · Christa Reicher, Städtebauliches Entwerfen (Wiesbaden 2016)

• Basic knowledge of design theory and practice, viewed in context and understood. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• Students are able to draw insights from their accumulated design experiences and apply these insights as knowledge in conjunction with theoretical foundations. Through their knowledge of technical and methodological foundations in theory and practice, they have learned to engage in well-founded design practice. (Use, Application, and Generation of Knowledge)
• Experiments, intermediate steps, and results are presented in individual and group discussions. Through dialogue with fellow students and lecturers, the content of the outputs and insights is reflected upon. (Communication and Cooperation)
• Through the collection and reflection on explicit and implicit knowledge, students learn to recognize the fundamental characteristics of their own visual worlds and to adequately present and document their own artistic and creative process and its outcome. (Academic Self-Conception / Professionalism)

Idea and Form Development. Study and Process

Lecture
Fundamental knowledge of the theory and practice of design based on examples from art, architecture, and other fields (e.g., figure–ground, figure–space, material–color, image lab, idea and form development)

Workshop
The acquisition and reflection on explicit and implicit knowledge take place through lectures, workshops, and self-study.

• The content of the lectures serves, on the one hand, to convey foundational knowledge and, on the other hand, to serve as a catalyst for exploring uncharted territory in the context of space, figure, color, material, image, sensuality, and atmosphere
• Practicums enable students to experience an artistic and creative approach through their own hands-on work. In these sessions, fundamental themes are explored using various materials, methods, and techniques (sketches, drawings, material and color studies, photography), and the intermediate steps and results are reflected upon through discussion.
• Through self-study, students deepen their understanding of what they have learned in order to internalize this knowledge and express it.
• Exercises. Drawing, Figure – Space and Material – Color

Formal: none

Substantive: none

​Bonus Points: By successfully completing assignments throughout the semester in the the context of exercises, bonus credits may be earned in accordance with RPO § 27, which can be applied toward the term paper until the exam period of the following semester. Whether and to what extent bonus credits can be earned will be announced at the beginning of the respective semester.

Composition of the module’s final grade:

100% of the grade is based on the exam in the form of a term paper, taking bonus points into account where applicable

• Since this course focuses on teaching the fundamentals of design, the knowledge gained can be applied in various modules within the study program.
• The module can be used forf further furtherartistic design study programs in fields such as architecture, design, photography, art, or teacher education, for both bachelor’s and master’s degree study programs.

Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)

• Rudolf Arnheim. Kunst und Sehen: Eine Psychologie des schöpferischen Auges (Berlin / Boston 2013).
• Valerio Olgiati, The Images of Architects (Luzern 2013).
• Josef Albers, Interaction of Color. Grundlegung einer Didaktik des Sehens (Köln 1970)
• Ulrich Binder, Physik der Farbe. Eine praktische Farbenlehre für Architektur, Design und Handwerk (Zürich 2017).
• Franz Danielowski, Alfred Pretzsch: Architekturperspektive. Konstruktion und Darstellung (Düsseldorf 1982)
• Paul von Naredi-Rainer, Architektur und Harmonie. Zahl, Maß und Proportion in der abendländischen Baukunst (Köln 1982).
• Bernard Rudofsky; Regina Haslinger, Berta Rudofsky, Architecture Without Architects. Eine Einführung in die anonyme Architektur (Salzburg 1989).
• Mario Capro; Annette Spiro; David Ganzoni, Der Bauplan. Werkzeug des Architekten (Zürich 2013).
• Peter Zumthor, Architektur denken (Basel 2010)

Upon completion of the learning process, the successful student will be able to

• to name and identify fundamental concepts of building construction and its elements using technical vocabulary.
  (Knowledge and Understanding).
• to recognize relationships of moderate complexity in the assembly of building elements and to perceive their interactions in terms of their design expression and structural logic.
  (Use, application, and generation of knowledge)
• to describe structural detail solutions of moderate complexity in terms of their legal and normative foundations.
  (Use, Application, and Generation of Knowledge)
• Design and draw details for a building of moderate complexity that are suitable for the construction site and comply with standards.
  (Use, Application, and Generation of Knowledge)
• Discuss structural solutions in terms of their suitability for specific materials, their sustainability, and resource conservation, and present and explain their own proposed solutions.
  (Communication and Cooperation)

Lecture:

• Theory and Systematics of Building Construction
• Solid Construction and Multi-Shell Exterior Walls
• Material-Appropriate Jointing and Detailing of building components in solid construction
• Waterproofing of buildings
• Sustainable and resource-efficient Building Structures
• Fundamentals of Accessible Design
• Special Building Structures in Renovation Projects
• Conveying the Significance and Interplay of Fundamental Factors That Shape Architecture:
  
  Form, Expression, Material, Cost-Effectiveness, Sustainability
• Practical Examples

Exercise:
Craft-based building construction and detailing of building elements on a scale of 1.50:1 to 1:5:

• Multi-layer masonry wall and wall opening
• Foundation and base with building waterproofing
• Ceiling structures, ceiling coverings, ceiling finishes
• Structure and detailing of a stair structure
• Structure and detailing of a sloped roof
• Interior wall and interior door structures
• Structure of plumbing rooms with building waterproofing

Prerequisites: None

Recommended courses: Structural Engineering 1

Written Exam (60 minutes): The written exam consists of approximately 40 questions—to be answered in keyword form or via multiple-choice—covering 8 subject areas.

Eligibility for the Exam: In order to take the exam (written test), active participation in the exercises is required in accordance with § 21 (1) StgPO. Active participation is documented through coursework completed throughout the semester. According to the assignment, this consists of 9 subject areas with structural drawings (approximately 12 DIN A3 sheets). Admission to the exam is granted if the required drawings are submitted in full and with sufficient substantive quality by the deadline (as specified in the assignment ).

This module is related to the modules within the Architecture study program

• Fundamentals of Design through the application of course content in the workshop
• Fundamentals of Design through the application of course content in the workshop and design
• Presentation Techniques through the application of course content
• Structural Engineering through the application of course content
• Building Materials Technology by establishing the prerequisites for this module

Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)

• Ansgar Schulz und Benedikt Schulz, Perfect Scale (München 2016).
• Andrea Deplazes, Architektur konstruieren: vom Rohmaterial zum Bauwerk; ein Handbuch (Basel 2008).
• Wüstenrot Stiftung (Hrsg.), Raumpilot 1- 4 (Stuttgart 2010).
• Ulf Hestermann und Ludwig Rongen, Frick/Knöll Baukonstruktionslehre 1 (Wiesbaden 2015).
• Ulf Hestermann und Ludwig Rongen, Frick/Knöll Baukonstruktionslehre 2 (Wiesbaden 2018).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Umhüllen und Konstruieren: Wände, Fassade, Dach (Basel 2018).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Einrichten und Zonieren: Raumkonzepte, Materialität, Ausbau (Basel 2014).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Tragen und Materialisieren: Stützen, Wände, Decken (Basel 2014).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Wärmen und Kühlen: Energiekonzepte, Prinzipien, Anlagen (Basel 2012).
• Alexander Reichel und Kerstin Schultz (Hrsg.), Open and Close: Windows, Doors, Gates, Loggias, Filters (Basel 2010).
• DIN-Normen:
• DIN 276 Kosten im Bauwesen
• DIN 18533-1 Abdichtung von erdberührten Bauteilen
• DIN 4172 Maßordnung im Hochbau
• DIN 18040 Barrierefreies Bauen
• DIN 18065 Gebäudetreppen
• DIN 18533 Abdichtung von erdberührten Bauteilen
• DIN 185343 Abdichtung von Innenräumen
• Technische Richtlinien
• Fachregel für Dachdeckungen mit Dachziegeln und Dachsteinen
• Fachregel für Metallarbeiten im Dachdeckerhandwerk

Submodule Fundamentals of Design 2:

• Upon successful completion of the module:
• students will have gained from the lecture— gained insight into the background and interrelationships of the theory of space and proportion, as well as the relationships between building envelope and materiality and their interdependencies; become familiar with holistic design approaches; and are able to understand and reflect on them. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• students are able to experience building designs within the interplay of analysis, method, and intuition, and to recognize parameters and interdependencies of a design process as well as their aesthetic, functional, structural, and spatial relationships and consequences of a design process and their creative, functional, structural, and spatial implications and consequences. (Application, Use, and Generation of Knowledge – Communication)
• students are able to building designs within the interplay of location, function, proportion, and form independently and in a process-oriented manner, and to communicate them expressively through drawings and models. Furthermore, they are able to identify the parameters and interdependencies of a design process and their site-specific, design-related, spatial, functional, and structural consequences. (Knowledge and Understanding, Application, Application of Knowledge—Communication)
• students are able to think in contextual terms, to design, and to discover in-depth sensory experiences related to the design. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• students have acquired an advanced— creative and communicative—including the independent development of a layout (hand drawings, model building, other techniques such as collages, reliefs, etc., including text, images, and presentations) becomes part of the assignment (Application of Knowledge—Communication; Academic Self-Concept / Professionalism)

Submodule Digital Methods / Fundamentals:

• Upon successful completion of the module, students will be able to identify and explain basic concepts, functions, and workflows involved in computer-aided processing of architectural projects and explain them. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• They understand the impact of digital methods on planning processes and their results. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• They apply basic digital tools to tackle planning tasks—from file organization to drawing to the final presentation-ready version. (Application, Use, and Generation of Knowledge)
• Students apply fundamental principles of digital work to new tasks and tackle them in a context-specific and goal-oriented manner. (Application, Use, and Generation of Knowledge)
• They present the results of their work using digital tools and communicate these to lecturers and fellow students. (Communication and Cooperation)
• They actively participate in developing solutions within the courses. (Communication and Cooperation)
• Students develop an initial professional understanding of digital tools in an architectural context and reflect on their benefits and limitations. (Academic Self-Concept / Professionalism)
• They demonstrate a willingness and ability to independently acquire digital competencies as a foundation for their future academic practice. (Academic Self-Concept / Professionalism)

Fundamentals of Design 2:

• Lectures: GE2
• Background Design Phenomena
• Abstraction - Intuition
• Form - Space - Proportion; Design Principles and Structural Characteristics
• Composition: Wall - Ceiling - Floor
• Envelope - Material; Interrelationships and Interdependencies
• Exercises: GE2
• Methodical Introduction to the Design Process through Analysis of Built Examples (text, images, drawings, models, and other methods).
• Teaching design influencing factors and interdependencies through building analyses (such as location, time, space and proportion, function, construction, form, and material, among others)
• Introduction to the form-giving and design process through abstract exercises and small-scale design assignments. (in preparation for Design Project 1)
• Main exercise: Simple design task: “Form – Space”—process-oriented and intuitive development of one’s own dynamic design and creating an expressive presentation through drawings* and models, including the creation of a layout. (*Sketches, hand-drawn illustrations, and other working techniques such as collages, reliefs, etc., including text, presentations, and images)

Digital Methods/Fundamentals:

Lecture Content

In addition to a theoretical framework covering the topics of digital methods in architecture, the content of the lecture is derived from the topics of the respective exercises.

Seminar Content

• File structures and interfaces for storing and backing up project files
• Image editing techniques image processing (pixel graphics, vector graphics) and layout techniques
• 2D design in CAD and the application of standards in plan representation

Prerequisites: None

Recommended for this course: Fundamentals of Design 1

Midterm Exam: Fundamentals of Design 2:

Exam: Project-Based Work

Duration: approx. 12 minutes (including lecture topics)

Partial Exam: Digital Methods / Fundamentals:

Exams in the form of a written test

Duration: approx. 60 minutes

The final grade is weighted as follows:

• Fundamentals of Design 2: 2/3
• Digital Methods/Fundamentals: 1/3

Digital Methods / Fundamentals:
DM/G is a foundational course within the Architecture study program and is related to the following modules:

• Fundamentals of Design
• Building Construction

Grundlagen Entwerfen 2:

• Horst Ermel und Entwerfen Universität Kaiserslautern Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Grundlagen des Entwerfens (Hrsg.),Grundlagen des Entwerfens 1 - Gestaltungsmethodik (Darmstadt 1999).
• Michael Wilkens, Architektur als Komposition:Zehn Lektionen zum Entwerfen (Basel 2010).
• Pierre von Meiss, Vom Objekt zum Raum zum Ort, Dimensionen der Architektur (Basel 1994).
• Franco Fonatti, Elementare Gestaltungsprinzipien in der Architektur (Wien 1992).
• Friedrich Kurrent, Raumgestaltung und Sakralbau Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Entwerfen (Hrsg.), Aktionsforum Praterinsel (Hrsg.), Raummodelle Wohnhäuser des 20. Jahrhunderts;Ausstellung im "Aktionsforum Praterinsel"; München, vom 19. Juni bis 4. August 1996 (Salzburg 1996).
• Franziska Ullmann, BASICS - Architektonische Grundelemente und ihre Dynamik (Wien 2005).
• Patrick Nuttgens, Die Geschichte der Architektur (Berlin 2002).
• Klaus Peter Gast, Louis I. Kahn: die Ordnung der Ideen (Basel 1998).
• Gerhard Auer (Hrsg.), Daidalos: Architektur und Kunst - Magie der WerkstoffeI+ II (Berlin 1995).
• Weitere Literatur Aufgabenbezogen; Hinweise in der Vorlesung und Übung

Digitale Methoden/Grundlagen:

• Bert Bielefeld, Basics Architekturdarstellung (2. Auflage) (Basel 2021).
• Natascha Meuser und Augusto Romano Burelli, Architekturzeichnunge: Handbuch und Planungshilfe (Berlin 2012).
• Paul Lewis, Marc Tsurumaki, David J Lewis,Schnitte: Konstruktion und Raum (Basel 2018).
• Roland Knauer, Entwerfen und Darstellen: die Zeichnung als Mittel des architektonischen Entwurfs (2. Auflage) (Berlin 2002).
• Natascha Meuser und Klaus Jan Philipp,Zeichenlehre für Architekten: Handbuch und Planungshilfe (Berlin 2015).

• (Knowledge and Understanding) To view and understand the fundamental knowledge of the theory and practice of design in context.
• (Use, Application, and Generation of Knowledge) Students are able to draw insights from their accumulated design experiences and to apply this knowledge in conjunction with theoretical foundations. Through their knowledge of technical and methodological foundations in theory and practice, they have learned to engage in well-founded design practice.
• After successfully completing the module, students will be able to:
• develop a given topic into an initial visual concept and, subsequently, into a design idea using sketches, drawings, and material and color studies into an initial visual concept and further into a design idea, and to express this idea in two- and three-dimensional form using the tools of artistic and design practice.
• (Communication and Cooperation) Attempts to intermediate steps and results are presented in individual and group discussions. Through exchanges with fellow students and lecturers, the content of the works and insights gained are reflected upon.
• (Academic Self-Concept / Professionalism) Through the collection and reflection on explicit and implicit knowledge, to recognize the fundamental characteristics of one’s own visual worlds, and to adequately present and document one’s own artistic and creative process and its results.

Idea and Form Development. Reflection and Results

Designing means developing something, bringing elements together, and giving it a specific form. This encompasses activities ranging from the initial sketchy conception to the finished expression. The intangible thoughts and visual ideas are materialized. The transformation takes place in a process that moves from imagination through drafting, planning, and construction to expression. Idea and Form Development—an expedition. The principle is based on the approach of artistic and design practice, a chain of “Seeing—Thinking—Making—Reflecting—Acting.”

Lecture
Fundamental knowledge of the theory and practice of design based on examples from art, architecture, and other fields (e.g., image lab, idea and Form Development, SPACE – IMAGE, Sensuality – Atmosphere, Reflection – Results, Trends, …)

Practical Exercise
The acquisition and reflection on explicit and implicit knowledge take place through lectures, seminars, and self-study.

• The content of the lectures serves, on the one hand, to convey foundational knowledge and, on the other hand, as a source of inspiration for exploring uncharted territory in the context of space, form, color, material, image, sensuality, and atmosphere
• Seminars enable students to experience an artistic and creative approach through their own practice. In the process, fundamental themes are explored using various materials, methods, and techniques (sketches, drawings, material and color studies, photography), and the intermediate steps and results are reflected upon through discussion.
• Through self-study, students deepen their understanding of what they have learned in order to internalize the knowledge and develop their own ideas and concepts of form.
• Exercises. Sketching, Space in the Image and Image in Space

Lecture

Section

Formal: none

Content: none

Term Paper: Submission folder containing a collection of work from the semester; length: at least 100 pages)

Bonus points: By successfully completing assignments throughout the semester in the context of exercises, bonus credits may be earned in accordance with RPO § 27, which can be applied toward the term paper until the exam period of the following semester. Whether and to what extent bonus credits can be earned will be announced at the beginning of the respective semester.

Composition of the module’s final grade:

100% of the grade is based on the term paper, with bonus points taken into account where applicable

Since this course focuses on teaching the fundamentals of design, the

knowledge gained can be applied in various modules within the study program

.

The module can be used for further artistic and design study programs in fields such as

architecture, design, photography, art, or teacher education—for both bachelor’s and

master’s degree programs.

Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)

• Coosje van Bruggen, Bruce Nauman (Basel 1989)
• Carl Andre; Walther König, Carl Andre. Sculpture as Place, 1958-2010 (Köln 2014).
• Andreas Beitin u.a., Mies van der Rohe. Montage Collage (Köln 2017)
• Rudolf Arnheim. Kunst und Sehen: Eine Psychologie des schöpferischen Auges (Berlin / Boston 2013).
• Valerio Olgiati, The Images of Architects (Luzern 2013).
• Josef Albers, Interaction of Color. Grundlegung einer Didaktik des Sehens (Köln 1970)
• Bernard Rudofsky; Regina Haslinger, Berta Rudofsky, Architecture Without Architects. Eine Einführung in die anonyme Architektur (Salzburg 1989).
• Mario Capro; Annette Spiro; David Ganzoni, Der Bauplan. Werkzeug des Architekten (Zürich 2013).
• Peter Zumthor, Architektur denken (Basel 2010)

• After successfully completing the module, students will be able to:
• Describe basic concepts of sustainable development in the context of urban planning (knowledge and understanding)
• Comprehensively analyze complex existing situations and their context and evaluate them in terms of their shortcomings and strengths (Application of Knowledge)
• derive architectural, open-space planning, infrastructural, and organizational measures from societal developments and trends measures in the built environment (conceptual design, application of knowledge)
• to present developments and concepts in a clear and engaging manner using information graphics (application of knowledge)
• to design and depict in drawings integrated—i.e., not exclusively structural-architectural redesigns and to represent them in drawings (Application of Knowledge)
• to present conceptual and design-oriented concepts to fellow students and lecturers (communication and cooperation)
• Critically evaluate the solution potential of purely architectural projects and supplement it with holistic development approaches (scientific self-understanding, professionalism)

Lecture:

• Urban Planning Analyses
• Information Design
• Urban Planning Between Growth and Redevelopment
• Land Use Planning
• Urban Development Processes
• Demographic Trends
• Perspective and Model
• History of Cities and Planning
• Practical Examples

Exercise:

• Creating planning documents based on data available on the Internet
• Examining a specific urban site
• Action-oriented urban planning analysis
• Identifying strengths and weaknesses / potential and risks (SWOT analysis)
• Deriving a compelling design concept based on social developments and trends
• Development of the spatial design based on the concept
• Designing with models
• Representation methods, visualization, and presentation

Formal: none

• David Nelles, Christian Serrer, Eva Künzel, u.a., Machste dreckig - Machste sauber: Die Klimalösung (Friedrichshafen 2021).
• Heribert Dieter, Deutschland in der Weltwirtschaft: ein Modell mit Zukunft? (Bonn 2016).
• Niko Paech, Die Befreiung vom Überfluss: auf dem Weg in die Postwachstumsökonomie (München 2015).
• Werner Sobek, non nobis – über das Bauen in der Zukunft. Band 1: Ausgehen muss man von dem, was ist (Stuttgart 2022).
• Helmut Bott, Gregor C Grassl, Stephan Anders, Nachhaltige Stadtplanung: lebendige Quartiere, Smart Cities, Resilienz (München 2018).
• Christa Reicher, Holger Hoffschröer, Joachim Haase, Transformation und Mischung: Städtebau im Strukturwandel (Berlin 2022).
• Michael Koch und Jürgen Baumüller, Ökologische Stadtentwicklung: innovative Konzepte für Städtebau, Verkehr und Infrastruktur (Stuttgart 2001).

Structural Engineering 2

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

• perform preliminary structural analysis of a simple wooden or steel structural system in accordance with applicable regulations (application of knowledge)
• conduct load-bearing capacity and serviceability verifications (application of knowledge)
• to determine suitable materials and cross-sections for a selected structural system, taking into account the design principles (Application of Knowledge)
• to evaluate the structural behavior of various structural systems and to develop alternative proposals (Scientific Self-Concept)
• to collaborate with civil engineers and other specialized designers and to (Communication and Cooperation)
• understand structural calculations, depending on their complexity, at least at a basic level (Knowledge and Understanding)
• apply scientific work techniques (Scientific Self-Concept).

Building Materials Technology 2

• Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to
• identify all practice-relevant building materials for design and structural applications and evaluate them in terms of their specific applications. (Application of Knowledge)
• Building on the fundamental building materials, apply the structural properties and typical applications to all other building materials. (Application of Knowledge)
• Understand the full range of applications of concrete as the most significant building material of the present day through investigation under laboratory conditions and small-scale application. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• to define the specific terms describing the properties of building materials and to link them to the other disciplines of the architecture program . (Communication and Cooperation)
• to be able to evaluate the appropriate use of building materials—in terms of function and material—under environmental influences and their interactions with one another, so that students are later equipped to make structurally sound, durable, and sustainable choices regarding building materials . (Scientific Self-Understanding, Professionalism)

Structural Engineering 2

• Basic concepts of structural behavior and the calculation of various structural systems (e.g., beams, trusses, tension and compression members, frames, continuous beams, simply supported beams, hinged beams, arches, cables)
• Statically determinate and statically indeterminate structural systems
• Calculation and analysis of truss beams
• Mechanical fundamentals of strength of materials (e.g., stresses, strains, modulus of elasticity) and cross-sectional properties
• Design concept (including actions, stresses, allowable stresses, partial safety factors)
• Preliminary sizing with a focus on steel and timber construction
• Load-bearing capacity verifications (stress verifications, buckling safety verification) and serviceability verifications
• Structural analysis and preliminary sizing of a structural system
• Bracing of structural systems

Building Materials Technology 2

• Fundamental structural properties of metallic materials, such as non-ferrous metals, as well as mineral building materials are derived.
• The individual building materials are presented in their full range of functionality, external form, and aesthetic appearance.
• Special emphasis is placed on innovative and energy-efficient construction methods.
• The principles of building materials technology for special concretes are taught.
• Small-scale laboratory and material tests reinforce the theoretical knowledge acquired and provide a foundation in scientific methods.
• The practical production, processing, and quality testing of concrete are covered.

Formal: None

Exam (120 minutes): In a two-hour in-person exam, students will be tested on the combined lecture and exercise material from “Structural Engineering 2” and “Building Materials Technology 2.” The separate sets of questions for “Structural Engineering 2” and “Building Materials Technology 2” must each be passed with a grade of at least 4.0 and each accounts for 50% of the overall grade.

Exam questions must be answered using your own words, by checking boxes for multiple-choice answers, and through sketches and calculations.

Bonus Points

By successfully completing assignment sheets or practical tasks throughout the semester, students may earn bonus credit, which, according to RPO § 27, can only be applied toward the in-person exam until the exam period of the following semester. Whether bonus points can be earned will be announced at the beginning of the current semester .

Empfohlene Literatur (ggf. andere Ausgaben)

Tragwerkslehre 2

Begleitende Unterlagen zur Lehrveranstaltung

• Aktuelle Skripte des Lehrgebietes
• Weitere Vorlesungs- und Übungsunterlagen sowie Unterlagen zur Klausurvorbereitung werden semesterbegleitend in ILIAS bereitgestellt

Empfohlene Fachliteratur

• Gottfried Leicher, Ruth Kasper, and Jörg-Thomas Kasper, Tragwerkslehre in Beispielen und Zeichnungen (Köln 2022).
• Franz Krauss, Wilfried Führer, Claus-Christian Willems, Grundlagen der Tragwerklehre 1: Mit 21 Tabellen / Franz Krauss; Wilfried Führer; Hans Joachim Neukäter (Köln-Braunsfeld 2014).
• Klaus Holschemacher und Said al- Akel, Entwurf- und Konstruktionstafeln für Architekten (Berlin 2015).
• Philippe Block, Christoph Gengnagel, Stefan Peters, Faustformel Tragwerksentwurf (München 2013).
• Johann Eisele, Grundlagen der Baukonstruktion: Tragsysteme und deren Wirkungsweise (Berlin 2014).
• Weitere Fachliteratur wird in der Lehrveranstaltung angegeben.

Baustofftechnologie 2

• Günter Neroth und Dieter Vollenschaar, Wendehorst Baustoffkunde: Grundlagen – Baustoffe – Oberflächenschutz (Wiesbaden 2011).
• Wilhelm Scholz, Harald Knoblauch, Wolfram Hiese, Baustoffkenntnis (Köln 2007).
• Hansgeorg Hofmann und Jürgen Spindler, Aktuelle Werkstoffe – neue Materialien für innovative Produkte (Berlin 2019).
• Weitere Fachliteratur wird in der Lehrveranstaltung angegeben
• Weitere Vorlesungs- und Übungsunterlagen sowie Unterlagen zur Klausurvorbereitung werden semesterbegleitend in ILIAS bereitgestellt

• Upon successful completion of the module, students will be familiar with the basic capabilities of computer-aided processing of architectural projects during their studies and in professional practice, and will be able to describe them. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• They understand the impact of digital methods on the work process and the final result. (Knowledge and Understanding)
• Students are able to independently analyze individual design tasks, structure, and work on using digital tools. (Use, Application, and Generation of Knowledge)
• By working on three-dimensional models, they recognize complex spatial relationships and apply digital principles in a context-specific manner. (Use, application, and generation of knowledge)
• They prepare their work products for presentation. (Use, application, and generation of knowledge)
• Students are able to visualize their digital results and present them in dialogue with fellow students and lecturers. (Communication and Cooperation)
• They reflect on the influence of digital tools on architectural work processes and are able to independently acquire new knowledge and apply it in a targeted manner. (Academic Self-Concept / Professionalism)

Lecture Content

In addition to a theoretical framework covering the topics of digital methods in architecture, the content of the lecture is derived from the topics of the respective exercises.

Workshop Content

• 3D construction of building models according to the BIM guidelines
• Working with 3D object models
• 3D visualization (materials, lighting, rendering, digital post-processing)
• Advanced layout techniques
• Digital fabrication (introduction)

Formal: none

Content-related: none

DM is part of the Architecture study program and is related to the following modules:

• Project Phase
• Technical Fundamentals
• Construction Management / BIM

• Robert McNeel and Associates, https://www.rhino3d.com/de/ (abgerufen am 13. Februar 2025).
• Georg Glaeser, Geometrie und ihre Anwendungen in Kunst, Natur und Technik (Heidelberg 2022).
• Georg Glaeser, Der mathematische Werkzeugkasten: Anwendungen in Natur und Technik (Heidelberg 2021).
• Coenelie Leopold, Über Form und Struktur – Geometrie in Gestaltungsprozessen (Wiesbaden 2014).
• Branko Kolarevic, Architecture in the Digital Age (London 2004).

After successfully completing the module, students will be able to:

• understand the historical development of early industrial, simple construction methods and materials (knowledge and understanding)
• to understand the functional, structural, and design-related principles of joining simple frame structures and their simple envelope structures (knowledge and understanding)
• to analyze various construction methods (solid construction, skeleton construction, etc.) and explain their specific characteristics (Knowledge and Understanding)
• logically apply grid-based and/or modular systems consistently in project work (Application, Use, and Generation of Knowledge)
• Correctly apply technical terms from systems theory (building, load-bearing structure, structural framework, etc.) and correctly classify subsystems within the overall system (use, application, and generation of knowledge)
• explain both the development of the various historical timber construction methods and newer, more modern timber construction methods, such as timber-frame and wood-frame construction methods, and categorize them according to their advantages and disadvantages (knowledge and understanding)
• understand the complexity of even simple wood-frame constructions (design = construct) (knowledge and understanding)
• in the development of their project proposal, critically evaluate structural alternatives based on differentiated architectural perspectives (use, application, and generation of knowledge)
• logically and consistently—that is, taking into account geometric order, force transfer, and detail design—to implement simple planning tasks in the respective project work in a resource-efficient manner (use, application, and generation of knowledge)
• to present the acquired insights in a design presentation to fellow students and lecturers using graphic means (sketches, finished drawings, and models) in a precise and clear manner, as well as to convey them rhetorically understandably and persuasively (communication and cooperation)
• in a process of weighing options, during the development of the solution approach, to develop, structure, and weigh against one another (conceptual) priorities, and weigh them against one another (Scientific Self-Conception / Professionalism)
• in the final conceptual proposal, to reflect on one’s own stance, which was previously developed through critical discourse. This incorporates one’s own decisions regarding type, form, material, and assembly, identity and expression, sustainability, and the appropriateness of the construction (Scientific Self-Conception / Professionalism)

Contemporary architecture is always linked to a specific context. It must respond appropriately and sustainably in form and expression, in function and materials, in order to minimize the impact on the respective environment as small as possible while simultaneously leaving the smallest possible CO2footprint.

These characteristics and interactions are presented as an accompanying cross-cutting theme in the lectures .

Lecture:

Solid Construction vs. Filigree Construction | Historical Development of Space-Spanning Structures—New Developments | Artisanal Construction vs. Industrial Construction | Grids and Modules | Structural Order in Skeletal Construction | Stabilization Systems in General | Timber Construction

Workshop:

Within the context of the above-mentioned aspects of contemporary, future-oriented architecture, the workshops use small-scale timber construction projects to develop, refine, and detail simple building structures and/or simple load-bearing structures with minimal requirements for the building envelope and mechanical and electrical systems are developed, refined, and detailed. In this process, special attention is given to the industrial prefabrication of building components.

Practice takes place through drawings and sketches, modeling, and—depending on the course—also on a 1:1 scale

Formal: None

Recommended content: BK 1 and BK 2

• Oskar Büttner und Erhard Hampe, Bauwerk, Tragwerk, Tragstruktur - Band 1: Analyse der natürlichen und gebauten Umwelt. (Berlin 1977).
• Sohia Behling und Stefan Behling, Sol power: die Evolution der solaren Architektur; eine READ-Publikation(München 1996).
• Andrea Deplazes, Architektur konstruieren: vom Rohmaterial zum Bauwerk; ein Handbuch (Basel 2008).
• Daniel Mettler, Daniel Studer, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Bautechnologie und Konstruktion (Hrsg.), Konstruktion: BUK ETHZ (Basel 2021).
• Muck Petzet und Florian Heilmeyer (Hrsg.), Reduce Reuse Recycle (Berlin 2012).
• Frei Otto, Sabine Schanz, Museum Villa Stuck, u.a., Frei Otto, Bodo Rasch: Gestalt finden: auf dem Weg zu einer Baukunst des Minimalen; der Werkbund zeigt Frei Otto, Frei Otto zeigt Bodo Rasch (Stuttgart 1995).
• Bernhard Rudofsky, Architektur ohne Architekten: eine Einführung in die anonyme Architektur (Salzburg 1989).
• Ansgar Schulz und Benedikt Schulz, Perfect Scale (München 2016).

sonstige Literatur:

• Manfred Hegger, Baustoff-Atlas (München 2005).
• Thomas Herzog, Julius Natterer, u.a., Holzbau-Atlas (München 2003).
• Hermann Kaufmann, Stefan Krötsch, Stefan Winter, Atlas mehrgeschossiger Holzbau: Grundlagen - Konstruktion – Beispiele (München 2021).
• Andreas Achilles, Katrin Hanses, u.a., Basics Baukonstruktion (Basel 2021).
• Ludwig Steiger, Basics Konstruktion Holzbau (Basel 2021).
• Nils Kummer und Bert Bielefeld (Hrsg.), Basics Mauerwerksbau (Basel 2024).
• Andreas Achilles und Diane Navratil, Basics Glasbau (Basel 2019).
• Katrin Hanses und Bert Bielefeld (Hrsg.), Basics Stahlbau (Basel 2015).
• Katrin Hanses, Basics Betonbau (Basel 2015).

• evtl. weitere Literatur, abhängig von der jeweiligen Übungsaufgabe gem. Aufgabenstellung

Exam (120 minutes, two parts)
(a) Part 1 (calculation part)
(90 minutes, maximum 90 points possible)
(b) Part 2 (comprehension questions)
(30 minutes, max. 30 points possible)

 

Submodule 1

As part of the lecture and lab sessions, the following topics provide a fundamental understanding of the energy and material supply of buildings:

• Factors influencing the indoor climate
• Comfort
• Heating load and heating requirements, space heating systems, and heat generators
• Cooling load and cooling requirements, space cooling, and refrigeration units
• Supply concepts
• Energy generation
• Integration of the above elements with the architectural design
• Interaction between the above topics of building technology with other building systems

Submodule 2

In the lectures and seminars, interactions between building construction / buildings / materials and physical phenomena will be highlighted.

• Thermal insulation (heat convection, thermal radiation, thermal conductivity, heat flux, heat flux density, thermal resistance, heat transfer resistance, thermal transmittance, heat transfer coefficient, heat fluxes, heat balance, thermal bridges, isotherms and adiabats, winter and summer thermal insulation according to DIN 4108, etc.)
• Moisture protection (mass- and volume-based moisture content, critical moisture content, practical moisture content, water vapor saturation concentration, absolute humidity /water vapor concentration, water vapor partial pressure, water vapor saturation pressure, relative humidity, dew point temperature, moisture transport mechanisms, water vapor diffusion, capillary suction and capillarity, etc.)

Content: none

One in-person exam per submodule that covers the content of the lectures and exercises. Exam questions are answered using the student’s own words, by checking multiple-choice boxes, and through calculation problems.

Exam for the Building Technology 1 submodule: 90 minutes

Exam for the Building Physics 1 submodule: 60 minutes.

The grade is calculated on a 50:50 basis.

Gebäudetechnologie

• Dirk Bohne, Technischer Ausbau von Gebäuden und nachhaltige Gebäudetechnik (Wiesbaden 2019).
• Wolfram Pistohl, Christian Rechenauer, Birgit Scheuerer, Handbuch der Gebäudetechnik: Band 2: Heizung /Lüftung /Beleuchtung /Energiesparen (Düsseldorf 2009).
• Gerhard Hausladen, Michael de Saldanha, Petra Liedl, Climate Design. Solutions for Buildings that Can Do More with Less Technology (Basel 2005).
• d. Hermann Recknagel, Taschenbuch für Heizung + Klimatechnik. 75. Aufl. (Kleinaitingen 2011).

Bauphysik

• Bläsi, Bauphysik (Verlag Europa Lehrmittel, Haan)
• Liersch, Langner, Bauphysik kompakt (Beuth Verlag, Berlin)
• Zürcher, Frank, Bauphysik – Bau und Energie – Leitfaden für Planung und Praxis, (Teubner Verlag)
• Schmidt, Windhausen, Bauphysik-Lehrbuch (Bundesanzeiger Verlag, Köln)
• Stein, Physik für Bauingenieure – Grundlagen und Anwendungen – Band 2: Wärme und Feuchte (AVH Verlag, Hamburg)
• Pohlenz, Der schadensfreie Hochbau – Band 3: Wärmeschutz, Feuchteschutz, Schallschutz (Rudolf Müller Verlag, Köln)

• Bachelor of Business Informatics
• Bachelor of Software and Systems Engineering (dual)
• Bachelor of Computer Science
• Bachelor's degree in Medical Informatics
• Bachelor of Medical Informatics Dual
• Bachelor of Computer Science Dual

• Horstmann, C., Cornell, G.; "Core Java, Volume 1: Fundamentals", Pearson, Boston, 2018
• Horstmann, C., Cornell, G.; "Core Java, Volume 2: Advanced Feature", Prentice Hall, Boston, 2016
• Krüger, G., Hansen, H.; "Java-Programmierung - Das Handbuch zu Java 8", O'Reilly Verlag, Köln, 2014
• Urma, R.-G., Fusco, M., Mycroft, A.; "Java 8 in Action: Lambda, streams, and functional-style programming", Manning, 2015
• Epple, A.; "Java FX 8", dpunkt.verlag, Heidelberg, 2015
• Sharan, K.; "Learn JavaFX8", Apress, Springer Science, New York, 2015
• Sierra, K., Bates, B.; "Head First Java", O'Reilly, 2005

• Room comfort
• Ventilation basics, ventilation technology and dimensioning
• Building automation and technical monitoring
• Visual comfort and daylight concepts
• Electrical planning and installation
• Water in the city and in the building

• Dovetailing the above elements with the architectural design
• Interaction of the above-mentioned range of building technology topics with other trades